Paintball The Safe Sport Essays - Paintball, Outdoor Recreation

Paintball: The Safe Sport Along these lines, your child, little girl, or spouse is asking for your alright to purchase the most recent paintball gear. It's astounding, yet after just a couple of outings to the paintball field, people simply get snared! While you'd prefer to share their eagerness for the game and give your truly necessary proceed, you are worried about your friends and family shooting paintballs at different players and being taken shots at. Try not to feel like only you're. These are normal and genuine worries that merit an insightful reaction. The accompanying sections will ideally clarify why our game is the quickest developing game on the planet and that it doesn't have anything to do with individuals harming each other. Paintball has had an amazing security record. Clinical and protection measurements show that paintball is more secure than bowling! This is a solid declaration to the game and they players who play it. Paintball is a protected game insofar as rules are followed. Protection insights likewise show that paintball is a lot more secure than golf, running, downhill skiing, snow boarding, tennis, swimming and numerous other progressively regular games. Security is profoundly worried all things considered fields. Most of fields require goggles be worn consistently except if in assigned zones. Notwithstanding this fields additionally necessitate that barrel plugs (plastic embeds that keep shots from leaving your weapon's barrel) be utilized while players are in sure territories. Overlooking security is a decent method to get yourself shot out from a field. People all things considered and ways of life play paintball in more than 30 nations. From teachers or secondary school understudies, experts or professionals, all paintball players share an affection for experience and a solid serious camaraderie. Paintball is like the youth rounds of tag and find the stowaway, yet significantly more testing and advanced. There are different game organizations. Typically, a gathering of players will separate into two groups to play catch the banner. The quantity of players in a group shifts from four or five players, to upwards of 100 players on each side, constrained distinctly by the size of the playing field. The object of the game is to catch the other group's banner while guarding your own banner station. Players contend to dispense with rival players by labeling them with a paintball ousted from an airgun. Games for the most part have a period breaking point of 20 to 45 minutes. Between 10 - 15 games are played during one day. Between games, players may check their hardware, reload paintballs or have a tidbit and offer tales about the adventures of triumph and the typically entertaining miseries of annihilation. Win or lose, everybody makes some extraordinary memories! A paintball is a round, dime-sized gelatin case with shaded fluid inside. Paintballs are like huge round nutrient cases or shower oil dots. The fluid is non-harmful, non-acidic, water-dissolvable, and biodegradable. It washes out of attire and off skin with gentle cleanser and water. Paintballs arrive in a rainbow of hues. At the point when a paintball labels a player, the gelatin ball opens and the fluid leaves a paint mark. A player who is stamped is disposed of from the game. Paintball weapons arrive in an assortment of styles. Some are little stock guns, fueled by little 12-gram CO2 cartridges that should be changed after 15 to 25 shots. Other paintball weapons are rifle-like, with shoulder stocks and longer barrels. These are fueled by bigger, refillable CO2 chambers that gracefully many shots. Some paintball firearms are siphon activities. Each time you shoot, you should initially chicken the paintball weapon by utilizing a siphon. Other paintball weapons are self-loader, which re-chicken consequently. Simply press the trigger! Paintballs won't hit hard enough to cause a physical issue as long as legitimate security methodology are followed. Defensive covering with different layers of garments is suggested. To ensure their eyes, all players should consistently wear affirmed for-paintball goggles in each territory where shooting is permitted, even at the objective range. Barrel plugs are required anyplace off the playing field. Proficient refs on the playing field control the games, authorize the guidelines of reasonable play, and screen wellbeing rules. Most paintball fields have a staff of prepared officials that permits them to lead a few games all the while. Paintball is where ladies and

An Ideal Student free essay sample

A perfect understudy is a model for other people. He is completely mindful of his obligations and has some great characteristics. A perfect understudy is a resource for a school, society and to the country all in all. An understudy of today is a parent and resident of tomorrow. Perfect understudies are respectable, productive and honorable in their obligations. In any case, they are aware of their strategic life. They are strong, straightforward, honest and fair yet never mean, childish and intolerant. Consideration is their decoration. They abhor none yet love all. A perfect understudy is self-trained. He complies with his folks, seniors and educators. He is timely in going to the school and normal in examines. He detests sin however not the miscreant. He is consistently wary in picking companions. A perfect understudy develops great and advantageous propensities. He never ignores his wellbeing. He is solid of character, both as a main priority and body by normal acts of physical activities so as to keep them fit. We will compose a custom exposition test on An Ideal Student or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He realizes that if character is lost everything is lost. He is conservative both in time and cash. He is in acceptable books of his instructors and guardians. Adolescence is a phase of development of character. A kid is sent to class for fundamental preparing for his future life where the estimation of order in life is found out. Here he is under the immediate preparing and control of his educators who evaluate his ability, rebuffed for his imprudence and guide him in his examinations and in the improvement of his propensities to form him into a perfect character with the goal that he might not have any issue in his later life Thus he comes to recognize what is acceptable and what is awful in this world. At the point when this sense in him is appropriately evolved, he becomes as perfect understudy. He can demonstrate himself frankly, respectful and striking in his character. A perfect understudy is he who is cognizant about his obligations and duties towards his family, his general public and his nation and bears a decent good character by having a straightforward existence with honorable reasoning, being energetic, aware towards his bosses, and sympathetic towards his Juniors. In the event that an understudy scores excellent grades in an assessment, it doesn't imply that he ought to be called an arrangement understudy, except if he has each one of those great characteristics. He may establish academicals precedent in the college, yet may end up being a disappointment in his reality, though, an understudy, who may not make a splendid academicals vocation, may substantiate himself a perfect stu mark by righteousness of his respectable character. A perfect understudy regards and cherishes his folks and educators. He acts, both in his family life and his school life, similar to a reasonable individual, and offers similarly the Joys and distresses of others. He is honest, faithful and taught. He is the future perfect resident of the world. He is likewise a genuine loyalist, who forfeits his own advantages, when the topic of safe ty of his homeland comes and may chip in him for the administration in a characteristic cataclysm anyplace in the nation. He offers inclination to humankind than everything else throughout everyday life. Nowadays it is hard to track down perfect understudies. They are uncommon. Be that as it may, the person who is, he is a model for different understudies. He is adored by all. He is the pride of his folks, his general public, and his nation. An Ideal Student By fathima456

How Networking Got Me a Podcast and Can Get You a Job

How Networking Got Me a Podcast … and Can Get You a Job One of my new year’s “ressaylutions” was to investigate and choose a CRM (customer relationship management) system. This week I chose Infusionsoft; but this blog is not about CRM systems or new year’s resolutions. It’s about networking. The sales rep at Infusionsoft connected me with Wes Schaefer, a.k.a. The Sales Whisperer. The first thing Wes did after learning about my business was ask me if I would do a podcast for him on the topic of writing LinkedIn profiles. I was very happy to oblige. I felt grateful for his support and didn’t think twice before giving him a free LinkedIn profile review. Guess what? I now have a podcast that went  out to Wes’ list and aired on April 22. It turns out I’m not even going to work with him for the project I initially contacted him about! But possibilities opened up for doing some business together and for me to present webinars to his 5,500-member list. People want to connect with people, and they want to help! It’s human nature. It’s amazing what can come out of simply talkingâ€"and listeningâ€"to people, and then doing whatever you can that might be helpful for them. Here’s the thing: People want to connect with people, and they want to help! It’s human nature. If you’re a job seeker, it’s important to remember these facts about people. You might be afraid to approach someone who could help you because you don’t want to bother them, you feel needy, or some other related reason. Remember: People want to connect with people, and they want to help. That said, people also don’t want to feel used or bothered. So how do you approach the connections you have in a way that pushes their “I want to help” button? One way is to be indirect. It helped, for instance, that I did not call Wes looking for an opportunity to present a webinar. HE saw the opportunity. And he did not ask me for a free LinkedIn profile review; I saw that opening to help him. In job searching, the “indirect” approach works as well. You are not likely to get a warm welcome with the question, “Can you give me a job?” Rather, take a research-oriented approachâ€"much like I was researching CRM implementation providers when I called Wes. I know I love connecting people with others who can help them, and I also love sharing my specialized knowledge with people who really need it. It makes me feel special! The following ideas are based on the premise that most people feel the same way I do. Here are… 4 Ways to Use Your Networks to Get a Job … Without Turning Anyone Off Ask for a meeting and say something like this: “I’m considering a career change and I have done quite a bit of initial research, including x, y and z. My colleague John suggested that you might be a great resource to find out more about this industry. Would you be available to meet for lunch?” Write a letter advising your networking contact that you are doing research about an industry or list of companies (note someone does not have to work at a particular company to be in the know). You can provide the list of companies and ask if they know contact information for key players, current trends, organizational culture, major projects pending, organizational/staffing changes and opportunities, and/or problems the company is facing. Ask your close connections to do some research for you! If your husband is a golfer, he can mention your job search on the course and find out who might be a valuable resource for you. Or if your cousin is in construction and you are exploring the possibility of working in that field, ask your cousin to talk to her contacts who might be willing to meet with you and tell you what it’s like to work at her company.  Join an association, or even a networking group in an area where perhaps you haven’t interacted before. Introduce yourself and what you’re up to. These groups are eager to provide resources and to connect you with people who can help. Many times, these types of researching questions will lead to information about an open position. The trick is to honestly approach people with the expectation that they will give you informationâ€"not a job! Of course, it’s a good idea to learn more about the person you’re contacting as well. It’s likely you’ll be inspired to do something for them, just as they were inspired to support you. If you have used any of these techniques in the past, please share your experience. And if you try one of them after reading this blog, please report back on your results!

Significance And Significance Of The Civil Rights Movement...

Importance and significance are two different concepts. Importance denotes the value and influence of an event. Significance is different in that it means the importance of an event may not be immediately recognized until a later time. Stonewall was both important and significant, both in 1969 and today in 2014. For the homosexual community, the 20th century saw many changes. Postwar America was anti-communist, anti-homosexual and anti anything that wasn’t the model of conservatism. The 1950s saw an intensification of these negative attitudes, and in response two gay rights groups, the Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis were established. Through the radical 1960s, the influence of the counterculture and Civil Rights movement provided inspiration to those seeking to put an end to the discrimination homosexuals faced. Stonewall was the culmination of previous efforts yet also the catalyst for the Gay Rights movement, leading to political action, social change and em powerment of the gay community. It amassed national and international media attention and gave a much needed push to many homosexuals looking to involve themselves in the evolving movement. The events at the Stonewall Inn in June of 1969 led to changes of both great importance and lasting significance for the homosexual community of the United States well into the 21st century. Following World War II, the United States entered a period of extreme conservatism. The threat of communism was everShow MoreRelatedHow significant was Martin Luther King’s contribution to the civil rights movement in the years 1956-68?760 Words   |  4 PagesThere is no doubt that MLK shaped the way people campaigned for black civil rights in America during these years however weather that was significant to any head way they did make, one example of his significance is the amount of peaceful protest that was carried out, now that MLK was promoting peaceful protests more people could participate in campaigning for what they believed, this made the supporters for the civil right movement far greater in numbers than ever before and opposing people found itRead MoreEffects Of Racial Discrimination On The Civil Rights Movement1403 Words   |  6 PagesTo assess the significance of Presidents in reducing racial discrimination during 1860-1970 we must first look at the impact e ach President had on the civil rights which will be measured by how they reduced racism through reports and legislation aiming towards African Americans (AA). Presidents were crucial in reducing racial discrimination because without the influence of national leaders it is impossible to understand how AA achieved integration and racial equality. Racial discrimination can beRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson s Great Society1248 Words   |  5 PagesX was a leader during the civil rights era that supported and emphasized black individuality and pride. Unlike most civil rights activists, Malcolm X did not support integration and wanted â€Å"...separation from the ‘corrupt [white] society’†(Roark, Pg.946). As Malcolm X continued to encourage individual black power, his ideology gained many followers, especially amongst poor African American city folk. Eventually, Malcolm X’s ideas were being adopted by major civil rights groups such as SNCC and CORERead Mo reNew Orleans And The Child1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmyriad issues that encompass slavery, segregation, civil disobedience, wars, and natural calamities among others. The image, New Orleans woman and the child she held in slavery, depicts one of the key issues that afflicted New Orleans, that is, slavery. Slavery was a significant concern in the 1800’s and was at the center of a majority of declarations made at the time. As a modern community, most gains made in America on the front of human rights emanated from slavery. Everyone in the whole wideRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreMartin Luther King Impact1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement was the unification between all parts of society, the blacks, the whites, the rich, and the poor. There were several attempts by many people and groups to help bring amalgamation and equality for everyone. Martin Luther King was the key person involved in this movement, with no major competition for the overall leadership of the movement from 1957 to the mid 1960s . He attempted to alleviate the sense of crisis that pervaded America during the Civil Rights Era. King wasRead MoreInfluence Of The Federal Government1633 Words   |  7 Pagesminority groups employed activism in a variety of guises in the strug gle to achieve civil rights. While leading activists could draw on international events to strengthen their cause and enjoyed greater success as the campaign persisted, it ultimately fell to the government to make advances: activists needed a sympathetic president and government to legally push through change, thus the progression of civil rights was arguably dictated more by the current political situation than by the work of activistsRead MoreThe Concept Of Leadership And Leadership979 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be credited for the success or failure carried out by their teams has been instilled in our minds since we first understood the concept of hierarchies. The fact that most business schools even posses a required leadership course proves the significance of this concept within today’s society. While it is astounding how essential the idea of leadership has become, it is important for us to begin looking at leadership under a new light: leadership does not exist with out followers because the followersRead MoreVenezuela s Presidency And Leadership1315 Words   |  6 PagesLatin America’s history has been paved by the various social movements that give a voice to the indigenous and the forgotten populations. In Venezuela, the Bolivarian Revolution sparked a movement that fought to liberalize the country from the elitist and foreign influence. Under Hugo Chavez’s presidency and leadership, the Bolivarian Revolution flourished as a leftist social movement in pursue of popular democracy, economic independence, equality, and an end to political corruption. In this paperRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And Governor George C. Wallace1050 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck wins a noble peace prize, Nixon and Kennedy have the first televised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement is at the precipice in America. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Governor George C. Wallace are two pr ominent figures throughout the Civil Rights Movement. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however the dialogue encompasses completely different messages. Comparatively, the two speeches will be presented side by side

The Lifetime Effects Of Bullying And Bullied - 808 Words

Topic: The lifetime effects of bullying and being bullied General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To give a clear understanding of the various concepts and theories the effects of bullying and/or being bullied can have on people during their adult lifespan. Thesis Statement: In the peer-reviewed article Bullying and Being Bullied in Childhood Are Associated with Different Psychosocial Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health in Men, authors Karen A. Matthews, Richard J. Jennings, Laisze Lee, and Dustin A. Pardini presented the idea that adulthood can be greatly affected by childhood bullying and being bullied. I. Introduction A. Authors of Bullying and Being Bullied in Childhood Are Associated with Different Psychosocial Risk†¦show more content†¦2. Children that bully were more likely to be smokers in adulthood (Matthews et al., 2017). III. Author’s Point: Financial Difficulties A. Research found that low-income was linked to children bulling and being bullied. 1. Many families have trouble paying for the basics (Matthews et al., 2017). a. Children go without food and this especially includes nutritious meals. b. Homes are not heated during the winter months. 2. Difficult economic times was the number one cause for bullying/bullied issues (Matthews et al., 2017). IV. Author’s Point: Impact on Adulthood A. Childhood bullying takes a toll on adulthood through many different avenues. 1. Adults experience constant stressful life events (Matthews et al., 2017). 2. They are aggressive, hostile, and argumentative (Matthews et al., 2017). a. These adults need to be in control of others. b. They bully their way to the top of the corporate latter. 3. Health issues have also been linked back to childhood bullying (Matthews et al., 2017). B. Children that were bullied during childhood development were impacted the most in adulthood. 1. Adults have a difficult time fitting in and become socially isolated (Matthews et al., 2017). 2. ThereShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1139 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is an escalated issue that has become an epidemic, it happens in schools, on line, in between genders and can literally occur anywhere. Bullying is the act of aggressive behavior in which intimidation and/or physical harming towards another person is involved. It causes an imbalance in which the stronger person or group attacks the weaker and initiates repeated mistreatment towards the same victim over an extended period of time. In a situation where insults escalate and bullying arisesRead MoreCyberbullying s Hold On Today s Society1384 Words   |  6 Pageswhat the survey covered - it does not account for the whole teenage population. Another big problem with cyber bullying is not that it is happening, it is that many kids do not think that the adults that ma y be able to help or do not really care much. In an article by Jessica Priest, an award winning journalist for The Victoria Advocate, a high school student that had been cyber bullied recently due to her role in a school play was interviewed. What she had to say was rather disheartening; It sRead MoreEffects Of Bullying Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Bullying Bullying is a serious issue in today’s society. It can affect the well-being of the offender, bystander, and target. It can happen almost anywhere and anytime in privacy, in schools, at places of employment, and even in neighborhoods. Bullying can be classified as being physical, emotional, verbal or social which known as cyber bullying. There are various types of bullying experienced in schools among the students like: teasing, taunting, threatening, hitting, spittingRead MoreBullying Is A Serious Social Problem911 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is a serious social problem that happens in schools between adolescents. Bullying is not taken seriously and often dismissed. The perpetrator and the victim are expected to work out the situation on their own. There are many forms of bullying such as physical, verbal, social, and cyber. The perpetrators can have a negative effect on the victim for many years and possibly even life. Despite numerous â€Å"anti-bullying† advertisements and campaigns, bullying is an important social issue that occursRead MoreNegative Effects Of Bullying1188 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is a serious issue in today’s society. It can affect the well-being of the offender, bystander, and target. It can happen almost anywhere and anytime in privacy, in schools, at places of employment, and even in neighborhoods. Bullying can be classified as being physical, emotional, verbal or social which known as cyber bullying. There are various types of bullying experienced in schools among the students like: teasing, taunting, threatening, hitting, spitting, and embarrassing othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On The Person That Is Being Bullied1147 Words   |  5 Pagestime to take a stand! When someone is bullying you, they are using their strength to influence or intimidate you or someone else to do what they want to be done. They are this way to people that seem smaller and weaker to them. While some believe that bullying makes a person stronger, it actually damages the victim which can lead to a lowered self-esteem and suicidal thinking. Bullying is bad for everyone whether you are old or young. It has long term effects for the rest of this person s life.Read MoreSba Sample on Bullying1333 Words   |  6 PagesStatement Of Problem Topic: Bullying Focus Question: What effect does Bullying have on its victims and how are their emotional selves impacted? Guiding Questions: What are the signs of a person being bullied? At what age does the effect of bullying impact an individual the most? What causes someone to be bullied? Reason For Selecting Area of Research I chose the topic of bullying because I believe that it is a problem thatRead MoreSba Sample on Bullying1341 Words   |  6 PagesStatement Of Problem Topic: Bullying Focus Question: What effect does Bullying have on its victims and how are their emotional selves impacted? Guiding Questions: What are the signs of a person being bullied? At what age does the effect of bullying impact an individual the most? What causes someone to be bullied? Reason For Selecting Area of Research I chose the topic of bullying because I believe that it is a problem that is makingRead MoreBullying Is Not New, And It?1638 Words   |  7 Pagespicked on. However, when does it come to the point of bullying? The topic of bullying is not new, and it happens to more teenagers than what we would like to think. Bullying can be defined as verbal, emotional, or physical abuse by means of threatening, intimidating, or frightening someone smaller or weaker than the aggressor. Bullying can also involve exclusion, such as a group of friends forming a clique and excluding others from their group. Bullying can be a hidden disease viciously preying on itsRead MoreDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressive

The Effects Of Alcohol On The Consumption Of Alcohol

There are a multitude of aspects to consider as to why an individual would be dependent on the consumption of alcohol. One being the living environment of an individual has an effect on alcohol abuse according to the studies found, McCaul et al (2009) talks about this theme and goes on to say that the more licensed alcohol establishment’s in one particular area means it’s more likely for someone to drink on a regular basis as it’s not out of their way. Another reason may be the individual’s emotional state can have an impact on how much they drink, according to Callanan et al. (2009) people consume alcohol as a way of coping with emotional factors such as stress and depression. Economic factors may be an underlying cause of alcohol abuse. Callanan et al (2009) found that the monotony of unemployment presents its self as an opportunity to consume alcohol which may become habitual. There are many negative psycho, social and economic factors that may affect an individual abusing alcohol. St. John et al (2009) said that anyone living in a more deprived area neighbourhoods are more likely to abuse alcohol which may be down to boredom as more people in deprived areas abuse alcohol as a way of freedom from the real world for a short period of time. Economic factors may be an underlying cause of alcohol abuse. Callanan et al (2009) found that the monotony of unemployment presents its self as an opportunity to consume alcohol which may become habitual. Lee et al (2009) states thatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On The Consumption Of Alcohol1288 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol consumption is highly prominent around the world and Australia. Most Australians have consumed alcohol at some point of time in their lives. Most individuals doing so at a level that is acceptable and does not lead to any ill health or injury. There is, however, an issue with the misuse and abus e of alcohol in Australia across all age groups. This paper will discuss the use of alcohol in Australia broadly before focusing on the consumption of alcohol in the 16-29 year old age group. ThisRead MoreAlcohol Consumption : The Effects Of Alcohol On The Body1312 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Consumption: The Effects of Alcohol on the Body Thamara Jean-Jacques Professor: Nina Walker Biology 115 October 17, 2015 Lithonia Campus Abstract Drinking alcohol for a period of time or even binge drinking cause harm your heart. Alcohol increases the risk for heart attack, strokes, and hypertension. In 2013, a total of 71,713 people died of liver disease the ages ranged from 12 and older. Alcohol has also been known to affect the pancreas, large amounts of alcohol can confuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Consumption1373 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not alcohol should be prohibited. In most countries, at a certain age, adults are allowed to purchase alcohol without being limited to certain choices. However, with the rise of alcoholic products, there are concerns for public health and safety. Many people argue that restrictions should be placed on alcohol consumption. To begin with, there are several factors that involve in alcohol consumption. Studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between alcohol consumption and crimeRead MoreAdverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. Alcohol appears the bloodstream immediately, thus, its intoxicating effects are felt instantly (1). â€Å"High levels of mortality, morbidityRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Alcohol Consumption2606 Words   |  11 PagesThe effects of stress on alcohol consumption since the start of nursing school Alcohol is chemically described as â€Å"a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid that is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel.† Humans have been making and consuming alcohol for at least 11,000 years (Brice, 2012). Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, thought to enhance the action of GABA in the brain, an inhibitory transmitterRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Consumption On The Uk1630 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol consumption in the UK has a clear tradition of having moderate and heavy drinking as seen in Plant and Plant s (2006) analysis of trends in alcohol consumption. It is also notable that most concerns about levels of alcohol consumption is directed particularly towards young people which most consider to be a link to crime and anti-social behaviour. As a result, there is no denying that a stigma has been attached to young people and alcohol. In the UK, general consumption is o n a rise. DataRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students1227 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students On a weekly basis, college students consume more alcohol to fit in with their peers. Prior research has shown how alcohol consumption can lead to negative effects. Typically, college students ignore the negative effects of consuming alcohol, in order to have a good time. College students are the point in their life where they are searching for new and exciting ways to fit inRead MoreThe Effects Of Heavy Alcohol Consumption On Heart Disease1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe negative effects of heavy alcohol consumption have been studied extensively, but recent studies have noted that moderate alcohol consumption correlate to positive health effects. However, the methods of comparing a group of moderate drinkers to a group of abstainers in these studies and the resulting observations have been criticized. Critics claim that comparing abstainers with moderate drinkers lead to biased observations that favor the moderate drinkers to appear to have a lower risk of coronaryRead MoreAlcohol Con sumption Of Ethanol Effects On Human Beings1608 Words   |  7 Pages Alcohol is one of the most consumed substances in the entire world. â€Å"In 2013, 86.8 percent of people ages 18 or older reported that they drank alcohol at some point in their life time† (NIAAA, n.d.). Alcohol is the result of fermented ethanol. Ethanol is a, â€Å"chemically and aromatic compound containing a hydroxyl group† (Foster Marriott, 2006). The raw consumption of ethanol can have devastating effects on human beings, which is why it has to go through the process of fermentation. The fermentationRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Gender And Mate Selection2017 Words   |  9 Pagesand individual consumes alcohol? This age old question has been studies over the past decades to understand the consequences of alcohol consumption, gender and mate selection. In their research, Abbeele et al. aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol consumption and rating of attractiveness. The participants consisted of heterosexual social alcohol consumers that conducted an attractiveness-rating task. It was discovered that individuals that consumed low doses of alcohol were perceived as more

Transformational Charismatic Leadership and Governance

Question: Discuss about the Transformational Charismatic Leadership and Governance. Answer: Introduction This study has highlighted the concept of leadership style and the business development strategy. In this context, this study has highlighted the skills, knowledge, and the business strategy of the leader. With the help of Quinn management test, emotional intelligence and the situational leadership test would be helpful to discuss the capacity to lead an organisation. As per the Quinn management test, it can be assumed that an organisational leader requires to have the characteristics of producer, mentor, coordinator, innovator, broker, facilitator, director etc. On the other hand, emotional intelligence characteristics of a leader have been estimated. The situational leadership test is benefitted to identify the capacity of the leader in order to control the difficulties of the employees. Moreover, this study has discussed regarding the importance of objectives of the leader. Self analysis After going through the Quinn management test, I have come to know that this test is helpful to identify the gap between the competencies as well as the knowledge. This level of skills can be measured in terms of the knowledge of the talent management. As opined by Avolio Yammarino (2013), it can be mentioned that talent management is benefitted to develop the personal development. With the help of the Quinn management, I can identify that competency management can improve the skills and knowledge, which were not strong. In the words of Bryman (2013), it can be stated that there are several determinants such as producer, facilitator, director, mentor, broker, coordinator, innovator, and monitoring, which can measure the capacity of the leader. As per the Quinn management test, I observed that I am highly concerned about the output and the work. In this respect, I used to aim to the higher involvement, motivation, personal commitment and also on the energy level. These tools are helpful to enhance the efficiency level of a leader. As a result, Cameron et al., (2014) cited that the level of output or the productivity would be improved. In this purpose, it can be added that I will also try to motivate the employees, therefore, it can be predicted that the individual performance of the employees will also be improved. On the other hand, the facilitator tool is helpful to increase the external legitimacy and can also obtain the resources of the production. This will in turn influence the power of a leader. In addition, the director tool is helpful to make a clear expectation, which in turn reflect me to achieve the business objectives by setting the targets. Moreover, Chemers (2014) mentioned that as per the Quinn management test, I am identified as the decisive initiator and I have the capacity of 80 percent to discuss and can solve the existing problems. Moreover, I believe that this type of leader can make policies and provide instructions in order to guide the employees of an organisation. This type of leader can be a good mentor of an organisation. This proves that I have the potential to care and to help to the employees of an organisation. Furthermore, it can be stated that I can increase the skills and knowledge of the employees by providing necessary training. As a result, the business opp ortunities of the organisation can be improved. In addition, I have 78% chance to be a broker. Being a broker, I can encourage the cooperation between the employees of the organisation. It is known that team work can increase the collaboration between the employees. Moreover, I think that morale among the employees will be increased. On the other hand, I have the ability of 78 percent as a coordinator. Therefore, it is helpful to lead to the subordinates of the organisation. From the outcome of Quinn management test, I observed that I have the capacity of 78 percent as an innovator. This proves that I have capacity to change the working environment as per the requirement. Furthermore, it can be noticed that I have the capacity of 76 percent monitor characteristics. As a result, I can efficiently supervise the performance of the employees. As per the emotional advantage test, it can be noticed that the score of the test was 125. This implies that I have higher capacity to control the emotions of the employees. I can efficiently control the stress and anxiety of the organisations subordinates. As a result, it can be stated that the employees will be able to overcome the challenges. Moreover, it can be noticed that emotional advantage of myself will be able to improve the communication better among the employees. Moreover, it can be observed that situational leadership test shows that I have 59 percent capacity to communicate with the employees as a leader. In this respect, it can be mentioned that it is required to increase the efficiency of myself, so that I can control this situation more efficiently. In this respect, it can be mentioned that I can take training in order to improve the leadership skills. After identifying the shortcomings of myself as a leader, it can be stated that the objectives of myself can be identified as power and influence. From the past experience, it can be observed that the employees of my organisation have been suffering from excessive working pressure. Therefore, I organised a motivation session, which could reduce the pressure of the subordinates and they did not feel demotivated. Another incident was the sales of the organisation were decreased and therefore I required to improve the business strategy. As per the statement of Chhokar, Brodbeck House (2013), it can be stated that power in the working environment can be defined as the force, strength and assertiveness. In this context, it can be observed that in case of forward thinking organisation, power can be shifted from I centric to we centric. Therefore, I need to increase the communication with the employees. This will effectively increase the satisfaction level of the employees. They feel that they get priority from the organisation. As a result, individual performance of the subordinates will be improved. On the contrary, Daft (2014) argued that if I would not communicate with the employees of the organisation, they feel that they are deprived and they also feel reluctant to reveal their problems in the work place. Literature review In this section, the researcher has described the necessity of the governance and leadership in order to make a business successful. In this context, this study has highlighted several models and theories, which can effectively discuss the necessity of the leadership and governance in a business. From the above figure, it can be observed that there are several factors, which can significantly make a leader successful. In this connection, it can be mentioned that this is depending upon four important factors such as lead, manage, drive and organisational engagement. According to Frohlich Oppenheimer (2015), it can be stated that the lead factor is able to increase the organisational culture. As a result, it can be mentioned that the leader of an organisation requires to communicate with the employees and also needs to influence to the employees. Therefore, the employees will also be able to identify the objectives of the business. On the other hand, the drive determinants are helpful to increase the sales structure of the organisation. If the productivity of the business will increase, then the sales of the business will be improved (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). As per the manage determinant, it is helpful to the performance of the business by improving the organisational strategies. Lastly, engage factor helps the leader to facilitate the employees. In this respect, the leader can organise an award program for the employees. The employees, who perform better, compared to the others, will receive the award. This award program can improve the willingness to work towards the organisation. Moreover, it can be added that other employees also willing to improve their performance in order to be facilitated. As a result, overall productivity of the organisation will be improved. Hence, it can be inferred that the leadership approach of the organisation will also be successful. On the other hand, it can be observed that there are several theories of leadership, which can effectively discuss the role of the leaders of the organisations in order to make a business successful. As per the functional theories, Hackman Johnson (2013) mentioned that these types of leaders mainly focus to the assumptions and the footsteps of the successful leaders. In this type of leadership approach, the leaders usually follow the action-centred leadership model. The situational leadership theory is helpful to identify the ability as well as the willingness of the employees and then determine the leadership style, which is required to follow to make a business successful. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be stated that this type of leadership approach is needed to develop in order to meet the necessities of several situations and circumstances. As per the autocratic versus participative leadership theory is helpful to make a stronger relationship between the leaders and the followers (Hargreaves Fink, 2012). In this context, it can be observed that the score of situational leadership test is not so high, therefore, the leaders requires to follow the participative leadership approach. It can increase the understanding between the leader and the employees of the organisation. As a result, the business objectives can be achieved effectively. The leader also requires to consider the employees opinion in the decision making process. Moreover, participative leaders aimed to follow the facilitative leadership style. According to Johnson (2013), transformational leadership theory is required to follow in order to motivate the subordinates of an organisation in order to achieve the organisational mission and vision. This would in turn increase the opportunities to implement new ideas and business strategies within the organisation. As per the Fiedlers contingency theory, it can be mentioned that this theory highlights that the effectiveness of leadership is depending upon the position such as characteristics of the project, leaders personality. In the words of Johnston Marshall (2016), contingency theory enhances the personality, behaviour of the leader. There are two types of behavioural improvement approaches such as consideration leadership behaviour and the initiating structure. In case of consideration leadership behaviour, the leaders require to develop a good rapport and interpersonal relationships with the employees. On the other hand, initiating structure is helpful to make a greater planning and business strategies in order to meet the business goal. In the book of Images of organisation, written by Gareth Morgan, the major ideas can be described as the management or the leader an organisation requires to satisfy as well as requires to balance the internal necessities to meet the organisational circu mstances. In the point of Miner (2015), it can be mentioned that the behaviour of the leader is required to consider as per the organisational environmental dealing. Moreover, there are three different types of dimensions, which are followed by Fred Fiedlers contingency model. These dimensions are such as leader member relationship, degree of task structure and the leaders position power. As opined by Northouse (2015), it can be stated that leader member relationship will be stronger if the employees of an organisation is usually accepted and also respected by the organisational subordinates. On the other hand, degree of task structure will be stronger if the task is structures in a well manner. The leaders position power is higher if the great deal of the organisation can be generated to highlight the leaders position. As per the statement of Rice (2013), contingency theory aimed to the two types of approaches such as task motivated and relationship motivated. On the other hand, leader member relationship reflects the trust, loyalty and the level of confidence of a leader. Task structure is helpful to connected with the task clarity and the task accomplishment. Therefore, it can be mentioned that these theories are helpful to develop the leadership style of the organisational leaders. As a result, the power and influence nature can be improved by following these specific types of leadership theories. Conclusion: This study is helpful to understand the leadership and the governance style. In this respect, this study has conducted Quinn management test, emotional intelligence test and the situational leadership test. As per the outcome of Quinn management test, it can be noticed that the leader is 87 percent capable to be a successful producer, 82 percent capable to be a facilitator. On the other hand, it can be also observed that the leader has the capacity to be 82 percent director and 80 percent mentor. This proves that these characteristics can significantly make him a successful leader. He has the enough capacity to lead an organisation and lead the employees. He can also influence and motivate the performance of the employees by his leadership approach. In addition, it can be added that the score of emotional intelligence is 125, which also reflects the characteristics of the leaders to be successful. On the contrary, it can be noticed that the score of situational leadership test is not so attractive, which proves that there are some shortcomings within the leader, which have been identified in this study. During the last few months, it can be observed that the organisation has suffered from two difficulties due to the casualties of the leader. In this connection, it can be mentioned that the employees of the organisation has been suffering from the excessive working pressure. Therefore, they feel reluctant to complete their task properly. Individual performance of the workers was also going down. This would in turn reflect the overall productivity of the organisation. Secondly, it can be stated that the sales of the organisation also decreased and therefore, the revenue earning by the company was also declined. In order to improve the performance of the leader and also improve the individual performance of the employees, this study has provided a significant action plan. By following the approaches of this action plan, the shortcomings will be reduced. Action plan: Actions Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Communicate with the employees Identify the shortcomings Organise a training session Facilitate the employees Increase the individual performance Increase the sales volume Table 1: Action plan (Source: Created by author) As per the above action plan, it can be observed that the performance of the action plan will be completed within 5 weeks. There are 6 activities, which are required to be followed. This step by step performance would be helpful to be an ideal leader. Moreover, the performance of the leaders would also improve. Action plan is required to implement in order to achieve the specific business goal. In this respect, the organisation requires to develop a definite, with which the proposed tasks are required to be completed. As per this action plan, it can e noticed that the leader will first communicate with the employees in order to identify their difficulties what they have faced within the organisation. After that the leader will require to organise a training session to motivate the employees and then will require to facilitate them. Therefore, the satisfaction level of the employees will be improved and they will admire the leader as a successful person. As a result, it can be predict ed that the overall sales of the business will be improved. Bibliography Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013).Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Bryman, A. (Ed.). (2013).Leadership and organizations. Routledge. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., Thakor, A. V. (2014).Competing values leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing. Chemers, M. (2014).An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J. A. (2015).Political leadership and collective goods. Princeton University Press. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Hackman, M. Z., Johnson, C. E. (2013).Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Johnson, C. E. (2013).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Rice, A. K. (Ed.). (2013).Learning for leadership: Interpersonal and intergroup relations. Routledge. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Spillane, J. P. (2012).Distributed leadership(Vol. 4). John Wiley Sons. Storey, J. (Ed.). (2016).Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I., Massarik, F. (2013).Leadership and organization. Routledge.

Organizational Structure Questions and Exercises Essay Example

Organizational Structure: Questions and Exercises Essay Download this Document for Free training in time management; and training to think more positively and realistically about sources of job stress. Tentative evidence suggests that these applications are useful in reducing physiological arousal, sleep disturbances, and self-reported tension and anxiety. E. Work-Life Balance Programs An increasing number of organizations are providing work-life balance programs and employees are beginning to demand them.These are programs that are designed to help employees’ lead more productive and balanced lives and can include mental and physical fitness programs, coffee bars, and cafeteria health food. Work-life programs are believed to result in lower-health care costs in part due to stress reduction. 60 Chapter 14: Organizational Structure Chapter Summary Questions and Exercises prepared by Alan Saks. I. What Is Organizational Structure? Organizational structure is the manner in which an organization divides its labour into specific tasks a nd achieves coordination among these tasks.It broadly refers to how the organization’s individuals and groups are put together or organized to accomplish work. Organizational structure intervenes between goals and organizational accomplishments and thus influences organizational effectiveness. Structure affects how effectively and efficiently group effort is coordinated. To achieve its goals, an organization has to divide labour among its members and then coordinate what has been divided. II. The Division and Coordination of Labour Labour has to be divided because individuals have physical and intellectual limitations. There are two basic dimensions to the division of labour, a ertical dimension and a horizontal dimension. Once labour is divided, it must be coordinated to achieve organizational effectiveness. A. Vertical Division of Labour The vertical division of labour is concerned primarily with apportioning authority for planning and decision making. A couple of key theme s or issues underlie the vertical division of labour. Autonomy and Control. The domain of decision making and authority is reduced as the number of levels in the hierarchy increases. A flatter hierarchy pushes authority lower and involves people further down the hierarchy in more decisions.Communication. As labour is progressively divided vertically, timely communication and coordination can become harder to achieve. As the number of levels in the hierarchy increases, filtering is more likely to occur. B. Horizontal Division of Labour The horizontal division of labour involves grouping the basic tasks that must be performed into jobs and then into departments so that the organization can achieve its goals. Just as organizations differ in the extent to which they divide labour vertically, they also differ in the extent of horizontal division of labour.A couple of key themes or issues underlie the horizontal division of labour. Job Design. Job design is an important component in the h orizontal division of labour. The horizontal division of labour strongly affects job design and it has profound implications for the degree of coordination necessary. It also has implications for the vertical division of labour and where control over work processes should logically reside. Differentiation. Differenti ation is the tendency for managers in separate functions or departments to differ in terms of goals, time spans, and interpersonal styles.As organizations engage in increased horizontal division of labour, they usually become more and more differentiated. C. Departmentation One way of grouping jobs is to assign them to departments. The assignment of jobs to departments is called departmentation. It represents one of the core aspects of horizontal division of labour. There are several methods of departmentation. Functional departmentation. Underfunctional departmentation, employees with closely related skills and responsibilities (functions) are located in the same depar tment. The main advantage of functional departmentation is efficiency.It works best in small to medium-sized firms that offer relatively few product lines or services. Product departmentation. Under product departmentation, departments are formed on the basis of a particular product, product line, or service. Each of these departments can operate fairly autonomously. A key advantage is better coordination and fewer barriers to communication among the functional specialists who work on a particular product line. They also have more potential for responding to customers in a timely way. A disadvantage is that product-oriented departments might actually work at cross purposes.Matrix departmentation. Matrix departmentation is an attempt to capitalize simultaneously on the strengths of both functional and product departmentation. Employees remain members of a functional department while also reporting to a product or project manager. As a result, it is very flexible. Problems could arise when product or project managers do not see eye-to-eye with various functional managers and because employees assigned to a product or project team in essence report to a functional manager as well as a product or project manager.Other Forms of Departmentation. Several other forms of departmentation also exist. Under geographic departmentation, relatively self-contained units deliver the organizations products or services in specific geographic territories. Under customer departmentation, relatively self-contained units deliver the organizations products or services to specific customer groups. The obvious goal is to provide better service to each customer group through specialization. Finally, it is not unusual to see hybrid departmentation, which involves some combination of these structures.In other words, a structure based on some mixture of functional, product, geographic, or customer departmentation. They attempt to capitalize on the strengths of various structures, while avo iding the weaknesses of others. D. Basic Methods of Coordinating Divided Labour The tasks that help organizations achieve its goals must be coordinated so that goal accomplishment is realized. Coor dination is the process of facilitating timing, communication, and feedback among work tasks. There are five basic methods of coordination. Direct Supervision. This is a very traditional form of coordination.Working through the chain of command, designated supervisors or managers coordinate the work of their subordinates. Standardization of Work Processes. Some jobs are so routine that the technology itself provides a means of coordination and little direct supervision is necessary for them to be coordinated. Work processes can also be standardized by rules and regulations. Standardization of Outputs. Coordination can also be achieved through the standardization of work outputs. The concern shifts to ensuring that the work meets certain physical and economic standards.Standardization of S kills. Coordination can be achieved through the standardization of skills. This is the case when technicians and professionals know what to expect of each other because of their standard training. Mutual Adjustment. Mutual adjustment relies on informal communication to coordinate tasks. It is useful for coordinating the most simple and the most complicated divisions of labour. 61 The five methods of coordinating divided labour can be crudely ordered in terms of the degree of discretion they permit individual workers in terms of task performance.Direct supervision permits little discretion. Standardization of processes and outputs permits successively more discretion. Finally, standardization of skills and mutual adjustment put even more control into the hands of those who are actually doing the work. E. Other Methods of Coordination Sometimes coordination problems require more customized, elaborate mechanisms. This is especially the case for lateral coordination across highly differ entiated departments. Integ ration is the process of attaining coordination across differentiated departments.In ascending order of elaboration, three methods of achieving integration include the use of liaison roles, task forces, and full-time integrators. Liaison Roles. A liaison role is occupied by a person in one department who is assigned, as part of his or her job, to achieve coordination with another department. The person serves as a part-time link between two departments. Task Forces and Teams. Task forces are temporary groups set up to solve coordination problems across several departments. Representatives from each department are included on a full-time or part-time basis. Integrators.I ntegr ators are organizational members who are permanently assigned to facilitate coordination between departments. They are especially useful for dealing with conflict between (1) highly interdependent departments, (2) which have very diverse goals and orientations, (3) in a very ambiguou s environment. II. Traditional Structural Characteristics Over the years, management scholars and practising managers have agreed on a number of characteristics that summarize the structure of organizations. A. Span of Control The span of control is the number of subordinates supervised by a manager.The larger the span, the less potential there is for coordination by direct supervision. As the span increases, the attention that a supervisor can devote to each subordinate decreases. Spans at the upper levels tend to be smaller. B. Flat versus Tall A flat organization refers to an organization with relatively few levels in its hierarchy of authority, while a tall organization refers to an organization with many levels in its hierarchy of authority. Thus, flatness versus tallness is an index of the vertical division of labour.Flatter structures tend to push decision-making powers downward and generally enhance vertical communication and coordination. C. Formalization Formalization refe rs to the extent to which work roles are highly defined by the organization. A very formalized organization tolerates little variability in the way members perform their tasks. Detailed, written job descriptions, thick procedure manuals, and the requirement to â€Å"put everything in writing† are evidence of formalization that stems from rules, regulations, and procedures.D. Centralization Centralization refers to the extent to which decision-making power is localized in a particular part of the organization. In the most centralized organization, the power for all key decisions would rest in a single individual, such as the president. In a more decentralized organization, decision- making power would be dispersed down through the hierarchy and across departments. E. Complexity Complexity refers to the extent to which organizations divide labour vertically, horizontally, and geographically.The essential characteristic of complexity is variety, and as an organization grows in c omplexity it has more kinds of people performing more kinds of tasks in more places, whether these places are departments or geographic territories. IV. Summarizing Structure Organic versus Mechanistic Mechanistic structures are organizational structures characterized by tallness, narrow spans, specialization, high centralization, and high formalization. Organic structures are organizational structures characterized by flatness, wider spans, fewer authority levels, less specialization, less formalization, and decentralization.In general, more mechanistic structures are called for when an organizations environment is more stable and its technology is more routine. Organic structures tend to work better when the environment is less stable and the technology is less routine. Many organizations, however, do not have only a single structure. Further, structure can and should change over time. When a large and established firm gets into a new line of business either on its own or by acqu iring a smaller and newer innovative firm, the innovative unit often requires some autonomy (i. e. differentiation) and a more organic structure than the established parent. As innovative units mature, they often tend to become more mechanistic and more integrated into the larger organization. V. Contemporary Organic Structures Recent years have seen the advent of new, more organic organizational structures. A. Network and Virtual Organizations In a network organization, various functions are coordinated as much by market mechanisms as by managers and formal lines of authority. Emphasis is placed on who can do what most effectively and economically rather than on fixed ties dictated by an organizational chart.All of the assets necessary to produce a finished product or service are present in the network as a whole, not held in-house by one firm. The most interesting networks are dynamic or virtual organizations. In a virtual organization an alliance of independent companies share sk ills, costs, and access to one another’s markets. It consists of a network of continually evolving independent companies. Each partner in a virtual organization contributes only in its area of core competencies. The key advantage of network and virtual organizations is their flexibility and adaptability.B. The Modular Organization A modular organization is an organization that performs a few core functions and outsources noncore activities to specialists and suppliers. Services that are often outsourced include the manufacture of parts, trucking, catering, data processing, and accounting. Thus, modular organizations are like hubs that are surrounded by networks of suppliers that can be added or removed as needed. By outsourcing noncore activities, modular organizations are able to keep unit costs low and develop new products more rapidly.They work best when they focus on the right specialty and have good suppliers. 62 C. The Boundaryless Organization In a boundaryless organiz ation, the boundaries that divide employees such as hierarchy, job function, and geography as well as those that distance companies from suppliers and customers are broken down. A boundaryless organization seeks to remove vertical, horizontal, and external barriers so that employees, managers, customers, and suppliers can work together, share ideas, and identify the best ideas for the organization.Instead of being organized around functions with many hierarchical levels, the boundaryless organization is made up of self-managing and cross- functional teams that are organized around core business processes that are critical for satisfying customers such as new-product development or materials handling. The traditional vertical hierarchy is flattened and replaced by layers of teams making the organization look more horizontal than vertical. Some believe that the boundaryless organization is the perfect organizational structure for the 21st century. VI.The Impact of Size Organizational size has a number of effects on the structure of organizations. A. Size and Structure In general, large organizations are more complex and less centralized than small organizations. Larger organizations have greater horizontal specialization and require more integrators and other coordination functions. Large organizations also rely more on formalization and often display greater vertical and geographic complexity. B. Downsizing A reduction in workforce size, popularly calleddownsizing, has been an organizational trend in recent years.Downsizing has a number of implications for organizational structure. Downsizing and Structure. Downsizing is the intentional reduction of workforce size with the goal of improving organizational efficiency or effectiveness. Downsizing usually results in a different organization, not just a smaller one. That is because there are different forces at work than those which drive growth. Also, white collar managerial and staff jobs have been hit hardest ch anging how organizations are structured. Downsizing is often accompanied by reducing horizontal and vertical complexity.Organizations become flatter and self-managed teams take over supervisory and quality control functions. Problems with Downsizing. There can be a downside to downsizing. Many organizations have not done a good job of anticipating and managing the structural and human consequences of downsizing. Organizations have a tendency to become mechanistic, particularly more formalized and centralized when threatened which works against needed flexibility in times of change. Firms may also be overzealous in their cutting and end up sub-contracting work to consultants which may be both inferior in quality and more expensive.Removing levels from the organization may be a good idea, provided that it doesnt overload the remaining staff and that everyone is comfortable with the greater levels of delegation required. Finally, the process of downsizing must be considered. Surprising people with workforce cuts is likely to result in low morale, reduced productivity, and continuing distrust of management. Research has shown that contrary to expectations, downsizing does not result in cost reductions in the long run or improvements in productivity. However, when carefully and properly implemented, downsizing can have positive consequences.VII. A Footnote: Symptoms of Structural Problems There are a number of symptoms of structural problems in organizations. Bad job design . There is a reciprocal relationship between job design and organizational structure. Frequently, improper structural arrangements turn good jobs into poor jobs in practice. The right hand doesnt know what the left is doing . If repeated examples of duplication of effort occur, or if parts of the organization work at cross- purposes, structure is suspect. Persistent conflict between departments . A failure of integration is often the source of conflicts.Slow response times . Delayed responses mi ght be due to improper structure. Decisions made with incomplete information . If decisions have been made with incomplete information, and the information existed somewhere in the organization, structure could be at fault. A proliferation of committees . When committee is piled on committee, or when task forces are being formed with great regularity, it is often a sign that the basic structure of the organization is being â€Å"patched up† because it does not work well. 63 Chapter 15: Environment, Strategy, and Technology Chapter SummaryQuestions and Exercises prepared by Alan Saks. I. The External Environment of Organizations The external environment consists of events and conditions surrounding an organization that influence its activities. The external environment has a tremendous influence on organizations and profoundly shapes organizational behavior. A. Organizations as Open Systems Organizations can be described as open systems. Open systems are systems that take inpu ts from the external environment, transform some of these inputs, and send them back into the external environment as outputs.This concept is important because it sensitizes us to the need for organizations to cope with demands of the environment on both the input and the output side. B. Components of the External Environment It is useful to divide the external environment into a manageable number of components. The General Economy. The general economy affects organizations as they profit from an upturn or suffer from a downturn. Customers. All organizations have potential customers for their products and services. Successful firms are highly sensitive to customer relations. Suppliers.Organizations are dependent on the environment for supplies that include labour, raw materials, equipment, and component parts. Shortages can cause severe difficulties. Competitors. Environmental competitors vie for resources that include both customers and suppliers. Successful organizations devote co nsiderable energy to monitoring the activities of competitors. Social/Political Factors. Organizations cannot ignore the social and political events that occur around them. Organizations must cope with a series of legal regulations that prescribe fair employment practices, proper competitive activities, product safety, and clients’ rights.Technology. The environment contains a variety of technologies that are useful for achieving organizational goals. The ability to adopt the proper technology should enhance an organization’s effectiveness. In addition to these basic components of organizational environments, there are a large number of interest groups that can exist in an organization’s environment. Interest groups are parties or organizations other than direct competitors that have some vested interest in how an organization is managed. Events in various components of the environment provide both onstraints and opportunities for organizations. C. Environmental Uncertainty Environmental uncertainty is a condition that exists when the environment is vague, difficult to diagnose, and unpredictable. Uncertainty depends on the environments complexity (simple versus complex) and its rate of change (static versus dynamic). Simple environment. A simple environment involves relatively few factors, and these factors are fairly similar to each other. Complex environment. A complex environment contains a large number of dissimilar factors that affect the organization.Static environment. The components of this environment remain fairly stable over time. Dynamic environment. The components of a highly dynamic environment are in a constant state of change, which is unpredictable and irregular, not cyclical. It is possible to arrange the rate of change and complexity in a matrix. A simple/static environment should provoke the least uncertainty, while a dynamic/complex environment should provoke the most. Some research suggests that change has more influ ence than complexity on uncertainty.Thus, we might expect a static/complex environment to be somewhat more certain than a dynamic/simple environment. Increasing uncertainty has several predictable effects on organizations including being less clear about cause-and-effect relationships, more difficulty agreeing on priorities, and more information must be processed by the organization to make adequate decisions. Organizations will act to cope with or reduce uncertainty because uncertainty increases the difficulty of decision making and thus threatens organizational effectiveness. D. Resource DependenceBecause organizations are open systems that receive inputs from the external environment and transfer outputs into this environment, they are in a state of resource dependence with regard to their environments. Resource dependence refers to the dependency of organizations on environmental inputs, such as capital, raw materials, and human resources. Carefully managing and coping with this resource dependence is a key to survival and success. Although all organizations are dependent on their environments for resources, some organizations are more dependent than others.As well, resource dependence can be fairly independent of environmental uncertainty, and dealing with one issue will not necessarily have an effect on the other. Organizations are not totally at the mercy of their environments. However, they must develop strategies for managing both resource dependence and environmental uncertainty. II. Strategic Responses to Uncertainty and Resource Dependence Organizations devote considerable effort to developing and implementing strategies to cope with environmental uncertainty and resource dependence.Strategy can be defined as the process by which top executives seek to cope with the constraints and opportunities posed by an organizations environment. It is the perceived environment that comprises the basis for strategy formulation. Strategy formulation involves det ermining the mission, goals, and objectives of the organization. The chosen strategy must correspond to the constraints and opportunities of the environment. A. Organizational Structure as a Strategic Response Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch studied how organizations should be structured to cope with environmental uncertainty.They found a close connection among environment, structure, and effectiveness. When there is a great range of uncertainty across the sub-environments faced by various organizational departments, the organization must be highly differentiated. Lawrence and Lorsch found that successful organizations facing a certain 64 environment were fairly undifferentiated and tended to adopt mechanistic structures. Effective organizations facing an uncertain environment were highly differentiated and tended to adopt organic structures.The argument that strategy determines structure is a reasonable conclusion when considering an organization undergoing great change or the formula tion of a new organization. However, for ongoing organizations, structure sometimes dictates strategy formulation. In general, organizations tailor structure to strategy in coping with the environment. However, structure sometimes dictates strategy formulation. B. Other Forms of Strategic Response Variations on organizational structure are not the only strategic response that organizations can make.Structural variations often accompany other responses that are oriented toward coping with environmental uncertainty or resource dependence. Some more elaborate forms of strategic responses concern relationships between organizations. Vertical integration. Vertical integration refers to the strategy of formally taking control of sources of organizational supply and distribution. Vertical integration can reduce risk for an organization in many cases but when the environment becomes very turbulent, it can reduce flexibility and actually increase risk.Managerial inefficiencies can also devel op as a result of control and coordination difficulties. Mergers and Acquisitions. Themerger or joining of two firms and theacquisition of one firm by another has become common strategic responses. Some mergers and acquisitions are stimulated by simple economies of scale. Other mergers and acquisitions are pursued for purposes of vertical integration. Strategic Alliances. Strategic alliances refer to actively cooperative relationships between legally separate organizations.The organizations in question retain their own cultures, but true cooperation replaces distrust, competition, or conflict for the project at hand. Properly designed, such alliances reduce risk and uncertainty for all parties, and resource interdependence is recognized. Organizations can engage in strategic alliances with competitors, suppliers, customers, and unions. Interlocking Directorates. Interlocking directorates refers to a condition that exists when one person serves on two or more boards of directors. The y provide a subtle but effective means of coping with environmental uncertainty and resource dependence.The director’s expertise and experience with one organization can provide valuable information for another. Interlocks can also serve as a means of influencing public opinion about the wealth, status, or social conscience of a particular organization. Establishing Legitimacy. One way for organizations to respond to the dilemma of making correct organizational responses when it is hard to know which response is correct is to do things that make the organization appear legitimate to various constituents. Establishing legitimacy involves taking actions that conform to prevailing norms and expectations.This will often be strategically correct, but equally important, it will have the appearance of being strategically correct. In turn, management will appear to be rational, and providers of resources will feel comfortable with the organization’s actions. Legitimacy can be achieved by conforming to established industry practices, bringing high profile people onto the board of directors, or making visible responses to social issues. The most common way of achieving legitimacy is to imitate management practices that other firms have institutionalized. III. The Technologies of OrganizationsTechnology can be defined as the activities, equipment, and knowledge necessary to turn organizational inputs into desired outputs. The concepts of technology and environment are closely related. Organizations choose their technologies. In general, this choice will be predicated on a desired strategy. Also, different parts of an organization rely on different technologies, just as they respond to different aspects of the environment as a whole. A. Basic Dimensions of Technology Three classification schemes of technology that can be applied to manufacturing firms and to service organizations are those of Charles Perrow, James D.Thompson, and Joanne Woodward. Perrow†™s Routineness. According to Perrow, the key factor that differentiates various technologies is the routineness of the transformation task that confronts the department or organization. Technological routineness refers to the extent to which exceptions and problems affect the task of converting inputs into outputs. It is a function of two factors: Exceptions. An organization that uses standardized inputs to produce standardized outputs confronts few exceptions compared with one that uses varied inputs and produces varied outputs. Technology is less routine as exceptions increase.Problems. When exceptions occur, are the problems easy to analyze or difficult to analyze? That is, can programmed decision-making occur, or must workers resort to nonprogrammed decision making? The technology becomes less routine as problems become more difficult to analyze. These dimensions can be arranged to produce a matrix of technologies. The matrix includes the following technologies: Craft technolo gies deal with fairly standard inputs and outputs. Routine technologies , such as assembly line operations and technical schools, also deal with standardized inputs and outputs.Nonroutine technologies must deal frequently with exceptional inputs or outputs, and the analysis of these exceptions is often difficult. Engineering technologies encounter many exceptions of input or required output, but these exceptions can be dealt with by using standardized responses. From most routine to least routine, Perrow’s four technological classifications can be ordered in the following manner: routine, engineering, craft, and nonroutine. Thompson’s Interdependence. In contrast to Perrow, James D.Thompson was interested in the way in which work activities are sequenced or â€Å"put together† during the transformation process. A key factor is technological interdependence which is the extent to which organizational subunits depend on each other for resources, such as raw materi als or information. In order of increasing interdependence, Thompson proposed three classifications of technology as follows: Mediating technologies operate under pooled interdependence. This means that each unit is to some extent dependent on the pooled resources generated by other units but is otherwise fairly independent of those units.Long-linked technologies operate under sequential interdependence. This means that each unit in the technology is dependent on the activity of the unit that preceded it in a sequence. The transformed product of each unit becomes a resource or raw material for the next unit. Intensive technologies operate under reciprocal interdependence. This means that considerable interplay and mutual feedback must occur between the units performing the task in order to accomplish it properly. This is necessary because each task is unique, and the intensive technology is thus a customized technology.As technologies become increasingly interdependent, problems of coordination, communication, and decision making increase. To perform effectively, each technology requires a tailored structure to facilitate these tasks.

Rights essays

Rights essays The ratio in America between homosexual and heterosexual people has grown emessly since the late 1970s. The ratio used to be 2 out of every 20 people its, now 7 out of every 20 people. Gays in America have been miss treated for along time until they had there own rights pass and put together organizations together to protect each other. For along time gays were not allowed in the military, and if there were accepted they would have to hide there sexuality. One organization named the Alliance that was put together to protect gay rights. This organization is a nation wide, nonpartisan organization formed to promote and secure full civil rights for Lesbians, Gay men and Bisexual and Transgender women and men in the United States. There goal are to strengthen and unite the gay community through participation in Americas political process and to increase awareness about Gay issues amongst the general public, politicians, and the media. In 1995, the sexual orientation civil rights law was by the Rhode Island legislature and signed into law by Gov. Lincoln Almond. This capped an eleven year struggle to pass law. Rhode Island is the ninth state to protect its gay, bisexual and lesbian citizens from discrimination joining Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey , Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and Hawaii. Several advances for gay equally occurred this year across the united states including the passage of hate crimes measure in Hawaii, which now moves to the desk of democrat Ben Cayetano for signing, says the human rights campaign. The Hawaii hate crimes bill capped off a series of successful measures across the nation that have advanced equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans, said HRC Field Director Seth Kilberm, we are heartened by the positive momentum and applaud the activists in Hawaii for their incredible victory in passing the state hate crimes law. If Cayetona signs the bi ll as expected,...

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier Essay

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier - Essay Example The position of the women in Plautus’s society is also brought out through this play, through the married and the unmarried women, in the play who live out different roles. Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier The influence of social institutions is seen in most of one’s activities and art is no exception. The art of Plautus, reflects the social realities that existed during his age. Slavery and marriage were two of the most important institutions that were prevalent during the period that Plautus wrote his plays. These plays portray a certain kind of subversion that is possible on the part of these subaltern groups. They are able to obtain a certain kind of superiority over their masters and their clients for a certain amount of time. However, the superiority that they attain over their superiors is something that is undercut by the fact that it is a temporary phenomenon that fails to challenge the institutions in themselves that remain deeply entrenched in the consciousness of the very people that seem to attempt the subversion. This subversion, by the end of the play, even though it succeeds in the downfall of the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, serves the ends of another member of the aristocracy, Pleusicles. In the end, the slaves and the prostitute do not do anything for themselves; what they do is to fulfill their roles as slaves, which essentially place them back in their social positions, irrespective of their masters. The actions of Palaestrio and Philocomasium, from the beginning of the play, seek to foil the actions that the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, seeks to bring about. Both these characters have certain features in common; both f them were captured by the soldier. The helplessness and the lack of agency that these two characters share happens as a result of their social positions that are defined by their economic and gender belonging. Philocomasium does not possess any agency since she is a woman and does not have any agency. Throughout the play, she is looked upon as a possession that the two men in the play fight for. Her identity too, is shaped by the man that she is with, rather than the position that she defines for herself. On the other hand, Palaestrio has some agency of his own, even though it manifests itself in his loyalty to his former owner, Pleusicles. This reveals a deeply entrenched system of slavery where the slave internalizes the system and mentally enslaves himself to his owner. Palaestrio is unable to think of himself as a person whose identity may be anything except that of the slave of Pleusicles. This manifests itself in his inability to accept Pyrgopolynices as his master. He however, possesses more ability to act than the Philocomasium, who is totally deprived of any agency, because of her position as a woman in a patriarchal society. The little agency that Palaestrio has does not lead to any awareness about his position as a slave that could lead to an y solidarity between him and the other slaves. This is evident from this speech of his. Palaestrio: Someone from our house has done a naughty thing, from what I hear- The old man’s commanded that my fellow slaves be beaten up. Well, he said except for me- who gives a hoot about the rest? (Plautus 8) It is this lack of solidarity that makes Palaestrio

Attitudes Towards The Consumption of Fashion Brands Research Proposal

Attitudes Towards The Consumption of Fashion Brands - Research Proposal Example The research proposal "Attitudes Towards The Consumption of Fashion Brands" analyzes the attitude of the middle-class youths of Generation Y of Nigeria towards the consumption of conspicuous fashion goods. The current generation of the globe can be recognized as Generation Y. Generation Y is also known as Millennial Generation. These Millennials are the demographic group following the Generation X. The precise dates of the starting and the ending of Generation Y are not available. The birth year of this Generation Y is ranging from the 1980s to 2000s.According to several researchers, class characteristics cannot be applied to the people of Generation Y. Generally, young people aged between 20 and 35 can be considered as the people of Middle-Class Generation Y. Conspicuous consumption can be defined as the spending of money to consume luxury goods or services in order to display economic strength or power in public or society. Conspicuous fashion brands are those brands that are consumed by people in order to display living standard and economic strength. Most importantly, conspicuous fashion brands are also termed as luxurious or premium fashion brands. Consumer buying behavior of people depends upon the income class of people in emerging countries. Emerging countries are also can be considered as economically developing countries in which the number of the people of middle-class income group is higher comparing to the number of people of the upper class or upper-middle-class income group.

Technology Disaster Recovery Plan

Technology Disaster Recovery Plan   Jacob Malone Disaster Recovery-As-A-Service Companies are starting to rely more on technology for their critical operations, data protection, and the availability of their systems. As a result companies or providers are offering new solutions and services in order to make IT disaster recovery cheaper and stress-free. With so many options available for Disaster-Recovery-as-a-Service it can be difficult to determine what your business actually needs. The main purpose of a disaster recovery plan is to have the ability to recover any of your hardware, software, and apps after disaster strikes. According to Dustin Bolander, CIO at Technology Pointe, With so many businesses being IT driven, often times business continuity cannot happen without IT having a solid DR plan. The biggest gap we run across is getting the business workforce access again. Many IT departments are prepared to recover servers and networks, but have not considered how to communicate and re-enable the staff to resume work (2017). DRaaS was developed due to the increased demand in technology and instability of disaster recovery. According to Doug Hazelman, Without a robust DR infrastructure, a fire, a flood, an earthquake or even a really bad storm could not only take a business offline, it could take it out completely (2017). When executed correctly, DRaaS is more than a safety net for your information and technology because your users never experience the disaster to begin with. DRaaS is the replication and hosting of physical and virtual servers to a second location, either to a second appliance or the cloud, which is usually located in a distant second site. In the event of a man-made or natural catastrophe, those replicated systems and data can be booted and accessed. According to Rohde and Haskett (1990), disaster recovery encompasses four distint phases: prevention, prerecovery, immediate recovery, and return to normal operations (p. 652). At some point servers, operating systems, and networks will fail and that is when DRaaS will be vital in continuing business operations. When it comes to Disaster-Recovery-as-a-Service there are three types to choose from: Self Service DRaaS, Assisted DRaaS, and Managed DRaaS. The Self Service DRaaS model gives you the tools to establish a disaster recovery plan yourself. This means you are solely responsible for monitoring the recovery environments as well as deciding how often to test to ensure the solutions are working appropriately. For example, when a disaster happens your IT team is exclusively responsible for the recovery. This model comes with the lowest investment option, but comes with the tradeoff of time and resources to manage them. In addition, this model is best suited for a business that has internal disaster recovery expertise and enough bandwidth to manage the recovery environment. A second option to the Self Service DRaaS is the Assisted DRaaS. In this model a provider will advise you as you implement, test and manage your solutions. You are still responsible for your disaster recovery plan like in the Self Service model, but a DRaaS provider is standing by if their assistance is needed. Although you are still responsible for your disaster recovery plan a DRaaS provider may step in if IT team members are unavailable to help with failover in case of an emergency or disaster. This option is more expensive than the Self Service model, but it is still cheaper than the Managed model. This model is best for organizations that have IT assets, but are looking for addition help to provide direction and support with a DRaaS solution. Lastly, few providers offer this solution and will not offer a recovery SLA, meaning you are ultimately responsible for the recovery during an emergency or disaster. The third and final DRaaS solution is a Managed model. In this model the vendor or provider is responsible for the development, testing, and management of your disaster recovery plan. They will manage nearly every aspect of your recovery plan in order for the team to focus on the companies priorities. When disaster strikes the Managed DRaaS provider provides and supports the recovery process. This model provides a larger investment than a Self Service or Assisted model, but it provides the highest level of support and surety that the disaster recovery plan will meet the companies needs. Organizations with high demand for IT teams involved in the tactical operations of their business should use this model. Furthermore, this model will come with a SLA from the provider to ensure they will be responsible for the recovery in case of an event or disaster. In order to best understand the replication and backups of DRaaS it is best to picture it on a hot to cold map. This meaning that the hotter the solution the faster the recovery will have. For example, it a solution is hot then the system could be restored in a matter of minutes versus days on the other end of the spectrum. Another thing to consider when looking at a hot solution is the investment. The hotter the solution typically equates to a larger investment. When choosing a solution it is best to find one that balances the needs of your applications to the cost and timeliness of your recovery. The cheapest recovery option on the scale would be backups. According to Wu and Li (2014), it is a process that copies all or part of data from one hard disk to another storage medium (p. 1207). They are often disconnected from running technology and can be retrieved in order to restore system applications. Since these data backups are housed in a physical form like a tape or disk, there will be a large increase in downtime to identify and restore the system. This system typically does not offer the most up to date recovery solution, but they do offer a great long term solution for data preservation for a low cost. If a companies needing a faster recovery timeline then replication would be the best solution. While backups store information for long periods of time, replication will duplicate data as changes in the environment occur. According to Margaret Rouse, The result is a distributed database in which users can access data relevant to their tasks without interfering with the work of others. The implementation of database replication for the purpose of eliminating data ambiguity or inconsistency among users is known as normalization (2012). This option will allow you to quickly access recent changes to your data during a disaster, but it is not meant for long term retention. Real-Time Replication vs. Backup-Based Replication Provides recovery in seconds or minutes Records full environment Tracks Changes as they occur in the environment Reports changes on regular basis (typically once a day) Enables failback to earlier version if needed Table 1 You should not have to scramble in the event that disaster strikes. For every minute your business is down it is losing revenue and reputation. That is why it is best to approach disaster recovery from the viewpoint of disaster avoidance. With this in mind the term IT Availability has emerged. IT Availability differs in several ways from Disaster Recovery. IT Availability recognizes how IT and businesses depend on each other whereas Disaster Recovery views technology in a boxed perspective. Disaster Recovery Focus vs. IT Availability Focus Invest in an insurance policy Invest in ability to serve clients React to downtime and events Be proactive to minimize risk Rely on backups to store data Failover and failback to ensure service Recover anywhere from hours-days Recover in minutes to hours Emphasis on technical infrastructure Emphasis on serving end users Develop minimal process and reporting Process-driven and documented Emphasis on avoiding catastrophes Emphasis on continuous improvement Table 2 With the increased need of Disaster Recovery and the customer demand for uptime, many companies struggle implementing an effective solution before a disaster impacts them directly. According to 2016 Cost of Data Center Outage: Ponemon Institute, it is indicated that just one minute of downtime could cost a company nearly $8,000, but with a proactive approach to disaster recovery could equate to a substantial cost savings. DRaaS can be an effective solution to combat downtime and achieve IT availability. If approached in the right way, it can provide comprehensive proof of recovery to stakeholders and most importantly, increase your availability during an event. Quite simply, the success of your business depends heavily on both DR and BC plans working in conjunction. Most of todays network outages dont occur because of weather-related incidents, but because of human error. Its crucial that companies plan for the full gamut of events that could likely, and unlikely, impact their operations. In conclusion, DRaaS can increase you uptime and cost savings when disaster unexpectedly strikes. It is essentially insurance for your business. References Bolander, D. (2017). Disaster Recovery vs. Business Continuity. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://www.bluelock.com/practical-guide-to-draas/disaster-recovery-vs-business-continuity/ Guster, D., Lee, O. (2012). Outsourcing and replication considerations in disaster recovery planning. Disaster Prevention Management, 21(2), pp. 172-183. Hazelman, D. (2017). What is Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS). Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://www.bluelock.com/practical-guide-to-draas/what-is-draas/ Rhode, R., Haskett, J. (1990). Disaster recovery planning for academic computing centers. Communications of the ACM, 652-657(33), pp. 1207-1210. Rouse, M. (2012, April). What is database replication? Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-replication Wu, Z., Li, H. (2014). Analysis of data backup and recovery system. Applied Mechanics Materials, 631-632, pp. 1207-1210.